School but not a graduate of, a score on the mmse of 24 or below c. A heterogeneous group of 573 cancer patients completed a questionnaire containing the. Development of a questionnaire measure of adjustment to cancer. Recent evidence demonstrates adequate convergent validity but inconsistent internal consistency and factor structure. The minimac is a revised version of the widely used mental adjustment to cancer scale mac, developed for measuring mental adjustment to cancer in a general cancer population. The mini mental state examination mmse is a commonly used set of questions for screening cognitive function. Mental adjustment to cancer and its relation to anxiety, depression. Symptoms of depression and anxiety according to hospital anxiety and depression scale, minimental adjustment to cancer scale originally designed for cancer patients and selfefficacy scale were examined at baseline of the study and later in the same time intervals in both groups. Please circle the appropriate number to the right of each statement, indicating how far it applies to you at present. Problems in the factor structure of the scale and the need for refining the instrument have determined the development of the mini mac. The first study used multiple raters who jointly administered the mdas to 33 patients, 17 of whom met dsm iiirdsm iv criteria for delirium, 8 met. Mini mental adjustment to cancer mini mac scale, which measures the degree of mental adjustment to disease. Effect of internet peersupport groups on psychosocial.
We conducted two studies with medically hospitalized cancer and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome aids patients to assess the reliability and validity of a new measure of delirium severity, the memorial delirium assessment scale mdas. The minimental adjustment to cancer scale minimac is a 29 item instrument designed to evaluate the responses developed by cancer patients. The minimental adjustment to cancer scale minimac is a wellrecognised. Macq stands for mental adjustment to cancer questionnaire. The aim of this study was to examine the factor structure and psychometric properties of the minimac. The minimental status examination offers a quick and simple way to quantify cognitive function and screen for cognitive loss. Use of the minimac scale in the evaluation of mental adjustment to cancer 415. Mental adjustment to cancer scale mac 8, developed for measuring mental adjustment to cancer in a general cancer population. Snomed ct browser uk snomed ct clinical edition nhs data migration february 2020. The mini mac contains 29 items and the psychometric properties of the mini mac have proved satisfactory 31. We prepared a temporary scale consisting of 74 items based on a concept analysis with expert examination of the content validity, as well as a pilot study.
Initial validation of the minimental adjustment to cancer. The mini mac questionnaire includes 29 statements allowing the. Rasch analysis of the minimental adjustment to cancer scale mini. Mini mental state examination oxford medical education. Wed like to understand how you use our websites in order to improve them. The most common shorthand of mental adjustment to cancer scale is mac. Minimental state examination mmse general information. Avi besser, department of behavioral sciences and the center for research in personality, life transitions, and stressful life events, sapir academic college, d. The five subscales from the original minimac anxious preoccupation, helplesshopeless, fighting spirit, fatalism, cognitive avoidance had acceptable internal reliabilities. The mental adjustment to cancer scale mac scale has evolved to a standard measure in the field of psychooncology. This definition appears very rarely and is found in the following acronym finder categories.
The second study compared mdas ratings of 51 medically hospitalized delirious patients with cancer and aids made by one clinician to ratings on several other measures of delirium delirium rating scale, clinicians ratings of delirium severity and cognitive functioning mini mental state examination made by a second clinician. The minimental state examination was designed as a clinical method for grading cognitive impairment. It tests the individuals orientation, attention, calculation, recall, language and motor skills. The mini mac is a revised version of the widely used mental adjustment to cancer scale mac, developed for measuring mental adjustment to cancer in a general cancer population. Broad categories of adjustment to cancer were originally identified clinically. The minimental adjustment to cancer scale minimac is widely used to evaluate cancer patients psychological responses to diagnosis and treatment. Mental health inventory 38 mhi 38 general information.
Standardised minimental state examination smmse tool. Psychological adjustment to neoplastic disease is often measured with the mac mental adjustment to cancer scale developed by m. A higher subscale score indicates stronger use of the coping strategy. Chinese version of the mini mental adjustment to can. You can also look at abbreviations and acronyms with word mac in term.
Pdf on mar 10, 2018, fotios anagnostopoulos and others published mental. The 3ms was intended to improve discrimination among different levels of. The swedish version of the mini mac has been obtainedby standard translation. Mental adjustment to cancer scale mac mental adjustment to cancer scale mental adjustment to cancer scale assessment scale hide descriptions. The mmse is a screening test for dementia it quantifies cognitive impairment yielding a single composite score that reflects disease severity it can be followed reliably to reflect disease progression over time. It produces a score that can be used to follow the course of patients or as a case detection technique after cutoff scores are established.
Macq is defined as mental adjustment to cancer questionnaire very rarely. The findings further emphasize the importance of adapting the information given and rehabilitation options to each individual patient. Mental adjustment to cancer macs scale oxford clinical. Since mac is extensive it comprises 40 questions and features low reliability of one of the studied strategies denial, its novel version termed minimac was developed, the polish version of which was applied to this study. The minimac questionnaire includes 29 statements allowing the. Validation studies of the scale have shown inconsistency in the obtained factor structures. Mental adjustment to cancer scale is designed to assess psychological responses to cancer diagnosis and is widely used in research and clinical practice. The minimental state examination jama psychiatry jama. Use of the minimac scale in the evaluation of mental adjustment to. Pdf printable versionstandardised minimental state examination. Rasch analysis of the minimental adjustment to cancer. The mental adjustment to cancer mac scale was developed by watson et al.
The minimental adjustment to cancer scale minimac is a wellrecognised, popular measure of coping in psychooncology and assesses five cancerspecific coping strategies. The minimental state exam mmse is a widely used test ofcognitive function. The psychometric properties of a chinese version of the mini mental adjustment to cancer scale mini mac were examined among 115 chinese cancer patients in hong kong. Development of the scale on psychological adjustment of. The scale consists of 29 items on a fourpoint numeric scale ranging from 1 does not apply at. Assessment of adjustment of patients in cancer treatment trials is becoming more common and increasingly regarded as a useful outcome measure. Pdf mental adjustment to cancer scale researchgate. We conducted a randomised study to investigate whether providing a selfguided internet support group to cancer patients affected mood disturbance and adjustment to cancer.
Patient mental adjustment to selected types of cancer. Research article open access mental adjustment to cancer and. The minimac contains 29 items and the psychometric properties of the minimac have proved satisfactory 31. It has been suggested that these five subscales could be grouped to form the overarching adaptive and maladptive coping subscales to facilitate the interpretation and. The widely used mental adjustment to cancer mac scale was designed to measure fighting spirit fs, anxious preoccupation ap, helplesshopelessness hh and fatalism. Orientation registration attention and calculation recall language copying year month day date time country town district hospital ward examiner names 3 objects eg apple, table, penny patient asked to repeat 1 point for each correct. Minimental adjustment to cancer scale minimac scale of watson et al. Problems in the factor structure of the scale and the need for refining the instrument have determined the development of the minimac. Mac scale, an instrument derived from the mac and designed to measure styles of coping with cancer. In this context an attitude called fighting spirit gained much attention as a coping style. Application of solutionfocused brief therapy sfbt in. Minimental adjustment to cancer minimac scale, which measures the degree of mental adjustment to disease. Mac mental adjustment to cancer scale in medical by.
Mental adjustment to cancer and its relation to anxiety. The minimental adjustment to cancer scale mini mac is a wellrecognised, popular measure of coping in psychooncology and assesses five cancer specific coping strategies. The mmse is far more sensitive in detecting cognitive impairment than the use of. Mental adjustment to cancer has been explored in a large body of the literature by using the mental adjustment to cancer mac scale. Since mac is extensive it comprises 40 questions and features low reliability of one of the studied strategies denial, its novel version termed mini mac was developed. Symptoms of depression and anxiety according to hospital anxiety and depression scale, mini mental adjustment to cancer scale originally designed for cancer patients and selfefficacy scale were examined at baseline of the study and later in the same time intervals in both groups. Subsequently, a selfrating questionnairethe mac mental adjustment to cancer scale was developed to measure these categories of adjustment. This investigation is a greek validation of the mini. This examination is not suitable for making a diagnosis but can be used to indicate the presence of cognitive impairment, such as in a person with suspected dementia or following a head injury. The present study examines the factor structure and psychometric properties of the mini mental adjustment to cancer scale mini mac in a sample of iranian adults who suffer from cancer. Initial validation of the minimental adjustment to cancer minimac. The purpose of this paper is to develop the scale on psychological adjustment of cancer survivors pacs and analyse its reliability and validity. Some reports suggest that coping efforts as measured by the mac scale are predictive for survival of breast cancer patients.
The portuguese version was used, translated and adapted by paisribeiro et al. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. The present study examines the factor structure and psychometric properties of the minimental adjustment to cancer scale minimac in a sample of iranian adults who suffer from cancer. Selfcriticism, neediness, and distress among women. A heterogeneous group of 573 cancer patients completed a questionnaire containing the mac scale and an additional 26item research scale. The italian version of the mini mental adjustment to cancer mini mac scale. Ho sm, fung wk, chan cl, watson m, tsui yk 2003 psychometric properties of the chinese version of the minimental adjustment to cancer minimac scale. View the article pdf and any associated supplements and figures for a period of 48 hours. I am going to ask you some questions and give yousome problems to solve. How is mental adjustment to cancer questionnaire abbreviated. To view pdf portable document format documents, you will need to. Awareness of cancer, satisfaction with care, emotional. The highest scores in the anxious preoccupation and helplessnesshopelessness subclasses were those of the lung, colorectal, breast and prostate cancer patients. The psychometric properties of a chinese version of the minimental adjustment to cancer scale minimac were examined among 115 chinese cancer patients in hong kong.
What is shorthand of mental adjustment to cancer scale. All negative emotions, stress, and mental burden affect the medical staff, too. Validation studies of the scale have shown methodological shortcomings and inconsistency in the factor solutions. Subsequently, a selfrating questionnairethe mac mental adjustment to cancer scalewas developed to measure these categories of adjustment. The minimental adjustment to cancer scale minimac is a 29item instrument designed to evaluate the responses developed by cancer patients. Each section of the test involves a related series of questions or commands.
May 20, 2012 the mini mental adjustment to cancer scale mini mac is a wellrecognised, popular measure of coping in psychooncology and assesses five cancer specific coping strategies. Other estimates of correlations with the mmse include 0. Macq mental adjustment to cancer questionnaire acronymfinder. Factorial structure article pdf available in psicologia em estudo 1. The memorial delirium assessment scale journal of pain and. Ho sm, fung wk, chan cl, watson m, tsui yk 2003 psychometric properties of the chinese version of the minimental adjustment to cancer. The present study extended and refined the scope of the mental adjustment to cancer mac scale, a selfreport measure designed to give a rapid assessment of coping style. Mental adjustment and healthrelated quality of life in. The modified minimental state mmms, or 3ms test extends the scope of the minimental state examination mmse. Started in 1995, this collection now contains 6769 interlinked topic pages divided into a tree of 31 specialty books and 732 chapters. We conducted a randomised study to investigate whether providing a selfguided internet support group to cancer patients affected mood disturbance and adjustment to. The mini mental adjustment to cancer scale minimac is widely used to evaluate cancer patients psychological responses to diagnosis and treatment.
Below are the links to the authors original submitted files for images. Psychometric analyses of the mental adjustment to cancer mac scale in a greek palliative care unit. Feb 06, 2017 the mini mental state examination mmse is a commonly used set of questions for screening cognitive function. It has been suggested that these five subscales could be grouped to form the overarching adaptive and maladptive coping subscales to facilitate the interpretation and clinical application of the scale. Grassi l, buda p, cavana l, annunziata m, torta r, varetto a. Rasch analysis of the minimental adjustment to cancer scale. The minimental adjustment to cancer scale minimac is widely used to evaluate cancer patients psychological responses. The memorial delirium assessment scale journal of pain. The use of denial in an ethnically diverse british cancer. Standardised minimental state examination smmse please see accompanying guidelines for administration and scoring instructions say.
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